Interrupting Sitting With Short Walks Or Repeated Chair Stands Improves Glycemic Control In Healthy Adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Uninterrupted sedentary time is an independent risk factor for the development of metabolic diseases. Interrupting prolonged sitting with brief, intermittent walks can improve postprandial glucose metabolism; however, the efficacy of other types of exercise that do not require equipment nor space beyond one’s immediate sedentary area remain to be investigated. PURPOSE: To determine the impact of interrupting prolonged sitting with practical ‘activity snacks’ on postprandial glycemia and insulinemia in healthy adults. METHODS: Fourteen participants (7 males,7 females; 23±5yr; 24±5kg/m2; 40±8ml/kg/min; 4587±1231steps/d) completed three 7.5hr trials in a randomized order consisting of uninterrupted sitting (SIT), sitting with intermittent (every 30 min) walking (WLK; 2min at 3.1mph) or sitting with intermittent squats (SQT; 15 ‘chair stands with calf raise’). Mixed-macronutrient liquid meals (~55:30:15% carbohydrate:fat:protein) provided 20% (‘breakfast’; 406±87kcal) and 30% (‘lunch’; 609±130kcal) of daily energy needs to mimic traditional Western meal patterns. Blood was obtained every 30min and analyzed for plasma glucose and insulin concentration. Positive incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for glucose, insulin and insulin:glucose ratio were calculated 1 and 3h postprandially using the trapezoidal rule. RESULTS: Postprandial glucose and insulin did not differ across conditions following breakfast. After lunch, peak insulin concentration was lower in SQT (51.6±26.7, p<0.001) and WLK (62.2±34.9, p<0.05) compared to SIT (78.9±43.0μIU/ml). The insulin:glucose iAUC 3h following lunch was also reduced by the activity snacks (SQT: 489±300; WLK: 541±401) compared to SIT (700±398, p<0.05). Insulin iAUC 1h following lunch was lower in SQT (1412±902, p<0.01) and WLK (1575±1145, p<0.05) relative to SIT (2231±1540μIU/ml x 1h, p<0.01), however 3h insulin iAUC was only reduced in SQT (SQT: 2992±1735 vs. SIT: 3954±2261μIU/ml x 3h; p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Interrupting prolonged sitting with short walks or repeated chair stands reduces postprandial insulinemia following lunch in healthy adults. Our results add to the evidence suggesting that short ‘activity snacks’ can help mitigate cardiometabolic risk factors associated with prolonged sitting. Supported by ACSM Research Endowment Grant.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".