Penalty, post pretest and shrinkage strategies in a partially linear model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We addressed the problem of estimating regression coefficients for partially linear models, where the nonparametric component is approximated using smoothing splines and subspace information is available. We proposed pretest and shrinkage estimation strategies using the profile likelihood estimator as the benchmark. We examined the asymptotic distributional bias and risk of the proposed estimators, and assessed their relative performance with respect to the unrestricted profile likelihood estimator under varying degrees of uncertainty in the subspace information. The shrinkage-based estimators uniformly dominated the unrestricted profile likelihood estimator. The positive-part shrinkage estimator was shown to be more efficient than the others, and was robust against uncertain subspace information. We also compared the performance of penalty estimators with those of the proposed estimators via a Monte Carlo simulation, and found that the proposed estimators were more efficient. The proposed estimation strategies were applied to a real dataset to evaluate their practical usefulness. The results were consistent with those from theory and simulation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.028 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".