Associations Between Flexion Deformity And Sagittal Gait Impairments In Knee Osteoarthritis Patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: Knee flexion deformity and gait impairments (GIs) are common clinical findings in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients. This study aimed at assessing the associations between the presence of flexion deformity and sagittal GIs in KOA patients. METHODS: Patients were included if 1) KOA was the main cause of knee pain, 2) their worst pain in the past 7 days was ≥ 4 on a 0-10 pain intensity scale, 3) they had Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥ 2. Therapists involved in the study (N=10) assessed flexion deformity by goniometry. They assessed the presence of four known sagittal GIs in KOA patients (flexum at heel strike, fixed flexion during loading and during stance, limited dynamic range of motion (DROM) during a cycle) with a knee kinesiography. Fischer’s tests were used to assess between-group (presence or absence of flexion deformity) differences on the proportion of patients with each GI. RESULTS: 214 patients from 54 clinics participated. 61.2% were women, the mean age was 63 years (95%CI: 62;64), and the mean BMI was 29.4 kg/m2 (28.7;30.1). Almost one out of two patients (40.2%) had a flexion deformity. More than two thirds of the participants showed a limited DROM (69.2%). The proportion of patients with a limited DROM was significantly higher in the group who had a flexion deformity (+22.4%; p<0.001). However, more than half of the patients with a limited DROM did not have a flexion deformity (77/148: 52.0%). Similar results were observed on the three other sagittal GIs (Table; all p≤0.01). CONCLUSION: Results support that patients with knee flexion deformity are more likely to have sagittal GIs. However, the majority of patients who had sagittal GIs did not have a flexion deformity. It supports that it remains essential to assess deformity and also the value of completing clinical evaluation with a dynamic kinematic measurement to ensure that assessors do not miss the presence of gait alterations, even in the absence of flexion deformity.This was funded by the FPQIS (Quebec Government).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".