Effect Of 1 Year Of Qigong Exercise On Cognitive Function Among Older Chinese Adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of a tailored qigong exercise versus stretching and toning exercises in the maintenance of cognitive abilities in Chinese elders at risk of cognitive decline. DESIGN: A 1-year, single-blind, cluster randomized controlled trial. METHOD: Seventy-four older Chinese adults with risk of cognitive decline were enrolled in the study. They were cluster randomized to the qigong group and to the stretching and toning control exercise group. Cognitive and functional performance were assessed at baseline and at 1 year as measured using the Chinese version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA) test and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). RESULTS: At 1 year, 25 of 33 participants (75.8%) in the qigong group and 26 of 33 participants (78.8%) in the control group completed the exercise intervention. A bivariate correlation test indicated a good correlation between the MoCA test score and the RBANS total score after the intervention (r = 0.517, p < 0.01). Generalized estimating equations revealed that those in the qigong group had lower risk of progression of cognitive decline at 1 year (odds ratio, 0.314; 95% confidence interval, 0.103-0.961; p = 0.04). Two-way repeated-measures analyses of variance followed by post hoc t-tests with Bonferroni corrections indicated that performances on the MoCA test and the RBANS were significantly better in the qigong group than in the control group for the MoCA score (p < 0.01) and the RBANS cognitive domains of global cognition (p < 0.01), memory (p < 0.01), visuospatial/constructional (p < 0.01), and language (p < 0.01) abilities, but not for attention (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Performance of qigong for 1 year was significantly superior to stretching and toning exercises not only for preventing progression of cognitive decline but also for improving several cognitive functions among older Chinese adults at risk of cognitive decline.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".