Sand Control Optimization for Rubiales Field: Trade-Off Between Sand Control, Flow Performance and Mechanical Integrity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Designing/Selecting the proper sand control mechanism for horizontal wells in unconsolidated heavy-oil reservoirs tend to be under-looked in some cases. Stand-alone completions pose some sand control challenges, which could jeopardize the oil production or even lead to critical problems. Massive sand production, screen/formation plugging, formation of velocity hot-spots and mechanical integrity failures are some of the well-known issues. This study attempts to optimize the sand control design for horizontal wells in a heavy-oil field in Colombia. A careful selection of representative core data was made to study the variation of sand Particle Size Distribution (PSD) within the development area. Reservoir fluid properties were analyzed. Based on PSD variation and current design criteria in the industry, several seamed slotted-liner configurations were proposed as an alternative completion for testing. Later, a series of large-scale Sand Retention Tests (SRTs) were performed to assess the selected alternatives under typical field production conditions. Effects of aperture size and open to flow area (OFA) were investigated to evaluate flow and sand control performance. This investigation started by a detailed study of the PSD, particle shape variation and composition of fines in the development area. The PSDs were then classified into four distinct minor and major sand facies, ranging from medium to very coarse sand with different fines content. Further investigations have shown that current design is only suitable for a limited number of PSDs, while the overall PSD classes indicate requirement of wider slot aperture sizes. The results of the SRTs indicated that the flow performance of the screen is mainly controlled by the slot aperture. Choosing the optimized aperture size avoids unacceptable sanding even for the multiphase flow scenarios with gas. Results also indicated that by increasing the aperture size and application of the seamed slots for the studied formation, plugging could be mitigated. Finally, a detailed Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was conducted to compare the mechanical integrity of the current slotted liner design and the optimized design obtained from the experimental testing. A comprehensive sand control design workflow for cold primary heavy oil production in horizontal wells is presented in this work. The current study is one of the first that investigates and compares conventional straight slotted liners with seamed slotted liners at larger scale for a field. Moreover, this study helps to better understand the effect of design parameters of seamed slotted liners on sand control, flow performance and mechanical strength.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".