Perceived acceptability of an inhaled oxytocin for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage in Ethiopia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background New formulations and administration formats of oxytocin are required to overcome the current barriers to gold standard care for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) in low-resource settings. This study explored the potential acceptability of a heat-stable, inhaled oxytocin product in Ethiopia, a country with a high burden of PPH-related deaths. Methods A qualitative research study design was employed in which focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted with community members, healthcare providers and key informants. Research fields included: contextual acceptability (current attitudes toward PPH, oxytocin and inhaled or injectable medicines); product acceptability (attitudes towards an inhaled oxytocin product); and usage setting acceptability (acceptable settings for product use) Results Acknowledgement of PPH as a significant maternal health issue and recognition of oxytocin as the gold standard of care for prevention will contribute to the contextual acceptability of an inhaled oxytocin product. An oxytocin inhaler was largely considered acceptable for use, with the heat stability viewed as a principal benefit. A non-injectable administration format that could be delivered by an individual with minimal training was also cited as an advantage. Concerns included the feasibility of attaining patient cooperation to inhale the dose correctly during the third stage of labour. While a high need for the product at out of facility deliveries was identified, births attended by a skilled healthcare provider will be the most acceptable setting for use from a health policy perspective. Conclusions An inhaled oxytocin product is likely to be acceptable to relevant stakeholders in Ethiopia. This will facilitate adoption of the product and thereby enable improvements in maternal health outcomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".