New records of Natterjack toad (Epidalea calamita, Laurenti 1768) natural breeding sites in Ireland
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Natterjack toad (Epidalea calamita) has a wide distribution throughout Europe, ranging from the Iberian Peninsula to the Baltic coast with several isolated populations in Great Britain and Ireland (Gasc et al., 1997). Despite its widespread distribution, the conservation status for this species has been assessed as ‘unfavourable’ throughout most European populations (European Topic Centre, 2012). In Ireland, the Natterjack toad is at the extreme western edge of its range and is regionally IUCN Red Listed as ‘Endangered’ (King et al., 2011). It is highly range restricted in Ireland confined to the south-west of the country in County Kerry and one small introduced population to the south-east of the country in County Wexford The latest conservation assessment suggests that the population is declining (Reyne et al., 2019) mostly likely due to the degradation of suitable breeding sites (Beebee 2002). Ireland lost over half its farmland ponds during the 20th century associated with agricultural intensification and large-scale land drainage schemes that destroyed amphibian breeding habitat (Reid et al., 2014). Natterjack toads are presently restricted to seven discreet sites representing metapopulations (named: Magherees, Inch, Rosscullen, Dooks, Yganavan, Glenbeigh and Caherdaniel) (Beebee 2002).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".