Induction of resistance to<i>Meloidogyne graminicola</i>in rice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes are responsible for substantial losses in rice production. These parasites are difficult to control, particularly in flooded fields, which require carefully designed strategies to avoid contamination of water bodies. This study investigated whether biotic and abiotic elicitors can induce resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola in rice plants. An initial screening test was performed to determine the elicitors with the greatest potential to control nematodes. Then, a second experiment was conducted under net house conditions to assess the effects of a mannanoligosaccharide-based fertilizer (MOS), acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), and silicate clay on nematode reproduction, penetration, and activation of plant defence-related enzymes. Elicitor treatment reduced nematode reproduction by 57.4 to 75.6% at 60 days after inoculation (DAI). Two factors that may have contributed to this result include reduced nematode penetration and delayed development, as observed in the screening test. All elicitors increased phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity at 10 DAI. MOS and silicate clay also increased catalase, peroxidase, and glucanase activity at 8 DAI. Elicitor treatment activates defence responses in rice plants and may be an environmentally friendly strategy for controlling M. graminicola in an integrated management system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".