Outcomes of Primary Concurrent Chemotherapy and Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Laryngeal Squamous cell Carcinoma: Focus on T3 Larynx - a European Single Institution Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction Treating locally advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) with primary chemoradiotherapy (CRT) can preserve the larynx without compromising survival. However, whether this is associated with good functional outcomes remains up for debate. The aim of this study was to evaluate survival and functional outcomes in patients with locally advanced LSCC treated with primary CRT. Methods We retrospectively analysed data from all consecutive patients with stage III-IV (M0) disease treated with primary CRT between April 2010 and December 2017. Study endpoints were overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS), laryngectomy free survival (LFS), laryngo-oesophageal dysfunction free survival (LEDFS) and functional preservation rates. Prognostic factors were assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results 69 consecutive patients treated with primary CRT were analysed. All patients were treated with Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT). 29 patients received induction chemotherapy prior to CRT. 60 patients (87%) received concomitant platinum-based chemotherapy, and 9 (13%) concomitant Cetuximab. The median follow-up was 57 months (range 4-96). The completion rate for prescribed RT was 98.5%. The 2- and 5 year OS rates were 81.1% and 52.1%. For patients with T3 disease, the 2- and 5 year OS rates were 82.4% and 61.6%. Positive nodal status, N2b-N3 nodal staging, or stage IV disease were associated with poor OS on univariate, but not multivariate, analysis. Functional preservation was 69.1% at 2 years in all patients alive (68.1% in T3 patients). The 2-year LEDFS rate was 52%. The 2- and 5-year LFS rates was 72.4% and 43.3% respectively. There was no significant difference in LFS rate between primary tumour localization, baseline laryngeal fixation or cartilage invasion. Conclusion Our study illustrates survival and functional outcomes in line with contemporary studies. The survival and function preservation rates suggest that carefully selected patients with locally advanced LSCC can successfully be treated with larynx-preserving primary CRT.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".