Cardiorespiratory Monitoring Data during Sleep in Healthy Canadian Infants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Rationale Sleep study interpretation in children needs to be based on age-specific normal values. Although several studies have reported normal cardiorespiratory parameters during sleep in children and adolescents, few have included younger children. Objectives To describe cardiopulmonary indices, specifically oxygen saturation and heart rate, as well as frequency of obstructive and central apneas in healthy 1-year-old Canadian infants during sleep. Methods Home sleep cardiorespiratory monitoring was performed among infants participating in the Edmonton subcohort of the CHILD (Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development) study at their 1-year follow-up visit. A portable sleep monitoring device, which included a nasal pressure cannula, an oronasal thermal airflow sensor, a pulse oximeter, and respiratory inductance plethysmography belts, was used to collect sleep architecture and cardiorespiratory data during one night of monitoring in the home. Sleep scoring was done in blocks of 5 minutes using a novel pilot sleep scoring algorithm. Results Among the 562 subjects (mean ± standard deviation age 1.1 ± 0.2 yr) who attempted home sleep cardiorespiratory monitoring, 91% provided technically acceptable data with no loss of signal preventing analysis of any parameter. Obstructive and central apneas were rare, with a median obstructive apnea index of 0.0 events/h (10th percentile, 0.0; 90th percentile, 0.5) and a median central apnea index of 2.5 events/h (10th percentile, 0.6; 90th percentile, 7.1). Median oxygen saturation was 97.0% (10th percentile, 95.4; 90th percentile, 97.9). The oxygen desaturation index was 6.7 events/h (10th percentile, 1.4; 90th percentile, 15.8), with infants spending only 0.1% (10th percentile, 0.0; 90th percentile, 0.6) of the time with an oxygen saturation below 92%. Conclusions These results provide important reference data for healthy infants undergoing cardiorespiratory monitoring during sleep.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".