A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol on the association of malaria in pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Malaria in pregnancy contributes to significant adverse birth outcomes. This study is aimed to quantify the relationship between malaria in pregnancy and occurrence of adverse birth outcomes, including preterm delivery, low birth weight, small for gestational age, miscarriages, and stillbirth. Methods and analysis Observational studies and Randomised controlled trials reporting data on selected birth outcomes separately for pregnancies, with or without malaria will be included. We will search for studies over various information sources and data extraction will be done from included studies. Pooled odds ratio (OR) will be calculated for each birth outcomes using fixed effect model or random effects models, based on the level of heterogeneity. Forest plot will be prepared with effect size (with 95 percent confidence interval) of each study and pooled effect size. The methodological quality will be assessed for included observational studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). Cochrane Risk of Bias tool will be used to evaluate bias in randomised controlled trials. For publication bias, funnel plot will be prepared and assessed for asymmetry, along with Egger’s test. Discussion This study will provide an estimate of the risk of adverse birth outcomes in pregnancies with malaria. Results of this study will contribute towards planning effective service delivery in areas with a higher risk of malaria transmission. Ethics and dissemination The current study is a review of published literature, and it does not require ethical committee approval. Results of this review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020153009 Article summary Strengths and limitations of this study To the best of reviewers’ knowledge, this will be a first-ever comprehensive review on the relationship between malaria in pregnancy and occurrence of most frequent adverse birth outcomes, i.e. preterm delivery, low birth weight, small for gestational age and miscarriages. The finding of this review will be very crucial for the governments of malaria-endemic countries. All the leading information sources will be included in this study to perform searches. The protocol is prepared in adherence to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols guidelines (PRISMA-P). A limitation of this study will be, various definition criteria used to define adverse birth outcomes among the included studies. Due to which, it will be challenging to interpret and extrapolate the findings of this study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.080 | 0.133 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.029 | 0.028 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.018 | 0.014 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.097 | 0.009 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".