Phylogenetic Diversity of Trichoderma Strains and Their Antagonistic Potential against Soil-Borne Pathogens under Stress Conditions
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Trichoderma species are known as excellent biocontrol agents against soil-borne pathogens that cause considerable crop losses. Eight strains of Trichoderma were isolated from five Egyptian regions. They identified based on translation elongation factor-1α (TEF1) sequencing as four different Trichoderma species: Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride, and Trichoderma longibrachiatum. Optimal growth conditions (temperature and media), and the phosphate solubilization capability of Trichoderma strains were evaluated in vitro. Further, the ability of these strains to antagonize Fusarium solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, and Fusarium graminearum was also evaluated. The results revealed that Trichoderma harzianum (Th6) exhibited the highest antagonistic ability against F. solani, M. phaseolina and F. graminearum with inhibition rates of 71.42%, 72.97%, and 84.61%, respectively. Trichoderma viride (Tv8) exhibited the lowest antagonism against the same pathogens with inhibition rates of 50%, 64% and 69.23%, respectively. Simple-sequence repeats (SSRs) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to evaluate the genetic variability of the Trichoderma strains. The results revealed that of 45 RAPD amplified bands, 36 bands (80%) were polymorphic and of SSRs amplified 36 bands, 31 bands (86.11%) were polymorphic. The amplification of calmodulin and β-1,3-endoglucanase was noted at 500 bp and 230 bp, respectively. Data indicated that T. viride (Tv8) had the highest phosphate solubilization index (10.0 mm), while T. harzianum (Th6) had the lowest phosphate solubilization index (4.0 mm). In conclusion, T. harzianum (Th6) had the highest antagonistic activity in dual culture assay along with the growth rate; while T. viride (Tv8) had the highest phosphate solubilization activity. There are still gaps in obtaining new formulations, selecting potent Trichoderma strains to confirm disease control in planta. For improving Trichoderma recommendation in the organic agricultural system and sustaining the fertility of the soil, the field application of highly antagonistic biocontrol agents in different types of soil and plant species will be the first approach toward bio-pesticide treatments along with bio-fertilizer inoculation. Furthermore, secondary metabolites will be investigated for the most promising strains with the combination of different pathogens and application timing.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it