Honey Maps the Pb Fallout from the 2019 Fire at Notre-Dame Cathedral, Paris: A Geochemical Perspective
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The fire at Notre-Dame cathedral, Paris, in April 2019, was an acute pollution event, releasing lead (Pb)-rich dust into the city. To assess Pb distribution, honey samples ( n = 36) were collected (in July 2019) from hives throughout the Île-de-France following the fire and were analyzed for a suite of metal concentrations and Pb isotopic compositions. Honey from hives downwind of the fire has elevated Pb concentrations (0.023 μg/g Pb, geometric mean) compared to other honey from central Paris (0.008 μg/g), prefire Paris (0.009 μg/g), and the Rhône-Alpes region (0.004 μg/g). The Pb isotopic range for all analyzed honey (Paris and Rhône-Alpes, 1.144–1.179 206 Pb/ 207 Pb, 2.079–2.125 208 Pb/ 206 Pb) falls within the modern Pb isotopic range for French aerosols and sediments, signifying that the fire did not perturb the isotopic composition of Parisian honey. The variations in downwind Pb concentrations demonstrate the utility of honey as a biomonitor after an acute pollution event. The isotope results are supported by the construction history of Notre-Dame cathedral and historical record of Pb ores used throughout France.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".