Dissociation between airway and systemic autoantibody responses in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Autoimmune processes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the relationship between airway and systemic autoantibody responses remains unclear. The aim of this study was to elucidate this relationship in patients with stable COPD by investigating the correlation patterns between sputum and serum autoantibodies. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, sputum supernatant and serum obtained from 47 patients with stable COPD were assayed for the presence of IgG antibodies against ten autoantigens: Smith antigen (Sm), ribosomal phosphoprotein P0 (P0), Ro/Sjögren syndrome type A antigen (Ro/SSA), La/Sjögren syndrome type B antigen (La/SSB), DNA topoisomerase I (Scl-70), histidyl-tRNA synthetase (Jo-1), U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (U1-SnRNP), thyroid peroxidase (TPO), proteinase-3 (PR3), and myeloperoxidase (MPO). A second cohort of 55 stable COPD patients was recruited for validation, and a group of 59 non-COPD controls and a group of 20 connective-tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) patients were also recruited for comparison. Hierarchical clustering and network analysis were used to evaluate the correlation patterns between sputum and serum autoantibody profiles. RESULTS: Both hierarchical clustering and network analysis showed that sputum and serum autoantibody profiles were distinct in either analytic COPD cohort or validation cohort. In contrast, the autoantibodies of the two compartments in non-COPD controls and CTD-ILD patients were inadequately distinguished using either hierarchical clustering or network analysis. Many autoantibodies in the sputum were found to have significant correlations with lung function, symptom score and frequency of prior exacerbations in COPD patients, but the antibodies in the serum were not. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a dissociation between sputum autoantibodies and serum autoantibodies in patients with stable COPD, suggesting that airway and systemic immune status may play very different roles in the disease. Sputum autoantibodies are more clinically relevant than serum autoantibodies. Focusing on airway autoimmunity may help improve understanding of the immunopathological mechanism of COPD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".