<p>Protective Effects of Leukadherin1 in a Rat Model of Targeted Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE): Possible Role of P47phox and MDA Downregulation</p>
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) are involved in pathologic mechanisms underlying demyelination and exacerbation in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. P47phox is the most important subunit of an ROS-producing enzyme (NADPH oxidase) which is reportedly upregulated in MS plaques due to the intense activity of infiltrated immune cells and resident microglia. Leukadherin1 is a specific CD11b/CD18 agonist that inhibits signaling and transmigration of inflammatory cells to sites of injury. Based on this mechanism, we evaluated therapeutic effects of leukadherin1 in an animal model of targeted experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) through focal injection of inflammatory cytokines to the spinal cord. METHODS: For model induction, Lewis rats were first immunized with 15µg MOG 1-125 emulsion. Twenty days later, animals were subjected to stereotaxic injection of IFNγ and TNFα to the specific spinal area (T8). One day after injection, all animals presented EAE clinical signs, and their behaviors were monitored for eight days through open-field locomotion and grid-walking tests. Leukadherin1-treated animals received daily intraperitoneal injections of 1mg/kg of the drug. The specific spinal tissues were extracted on day 5 in order to measure nitric oxide (NO), malon di-aldehyde (MDA), and TNFα concentrations alongside P47phox real-time PCR analysis. In addition, spinal sections were prepared for immunohistochemical (IHC) observation of infiltrated leukocytes and activated microglia. RESULTS: Leukadherin1 exhibited promising improvements in EAE clinical scores and behavioral tests. Demyelination, CD45+ leukocyte infiltration, and Iba1+ microglia activation were reduced in spinal tissues of leukadherin1-treated animals. Furthermore, P47phox expression levels, MDA, and NO amounts were decreased in treated animals. However, TNFα concentrations did not differ following treatment. CONCLUSION: Based on our results, we suggest that leukadherin1 may be used as a novel therapeutic agent in tackling the clinical challenge of multiple sclerosis, especially during the acute phase of the disease. This effect was possibly mediated through decreased leukocyte infiltration and oxidative stress.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it