The potentials of fructooligosaccharide on growth, feed utilization, immune and antioxidant parameters, microbial community and disease resistance of tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> × <i>O. aureus</i>)
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the potentials of dietary fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth and health of tilapia. Fish (5.00 ± 0.02 g) were fed five diets with FOS supplementation at 0 (CON), 0.5 (F-1), 1 (F-2), 2 (F-3) and 4 (F-4) g/kg feed for 8 weeks. The results showed that the weight gain and feed conversion ratio were improved by F-2, F-3 and F-4 groups (p < .05). Dietary FOS promoted the retentions of protein and lipid (p < .05), and the digestibility of dry matter and protein was encouraged by F-2 and F-3 groups (p < .05). The FOS supplementation (except F-4 group) increased serum alkaline phosphate and acid phosphatase activities and hepatic superoxide dismutase activity (p < .05). The amylase activity and villus height in anterior intestine were enhanced by all FOS groups (p < .05). The numbers of total bacteria in F-3 and F-4 groups, lactic acid bacteria in F-4 group and Bacillus in all FOS groups were increased (p < .05). After challenged with Aermonas hydrophila, the cumulative mortality was decreased by all levels of FOS supplementation (p < .05). In conclusion, the FOS supplementation at least 1 g/kg feed could promote growth, nutrient utilization, immune and antioxidant parameters, digestive enzyme activity, gut health and disease resistance of tilapia.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it