Choice of Lipid Emulsion Determines Inflammation of the Gut‐Liver Axis, Incretin Profile, and Insulin Signaling in a Murine Model of Total Parenteral Nutrition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
SCOPE: The aim of this study is to test whether the choice of the lipid emulsion in total parenteral nutrition (TPN), that is, n-3 fatty acid-based Omegaven versus n-6 fatty acid-based Intralipid, determines inflammation in the liver, the incretin profile, and insulin resistance. METHODS AND RESULTS: Jugular vein catheters (JVC) are placed in C57BL/6 mice and used for TPN for 7 days. Mice are randomized into a saline group (saline infusion with oral chow), an Intralipid group (IL-TPN, no chow), an Omegaven group (OV-TPN, no chow), or a chow only group (without JVC). Both TPN elicite higher abundance of lipopolysaccharide binding protein in the liver, but only IL-TPN increases interleukin-6 and interferon-γ, while OV-TPN reduces interleukin-4, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and interleukin-1α. Insulin plasma concentrations are higher in both TPN, while glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were higher in IL-TPN. Gluconeogenesis is increased in IL-TPN and the nuclear profile of key metabolic transcription factors shows a liver-protective phenotype in OV-TPN. OV-TPN increases insulin sensitivity in the liver and skeletal muscle. CONCLUSION: OV-TPN as opposed to IL-TPN mitigates inflammation in the liver and reduces the negative metabolic effects of hyperinsulinemia and hyperglucagonemia by "re-sensitizing" the liver and skeletal muscle to insulin.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".