Radiotherapy to the brain: what are the consequences of this age-old treatment?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) has been widely used in the management of benign and malignant brain tumors for decades. However, complications can develop as a result of adjacent structures being exposed to radiation. As such, careful selection of patients and deciding on the most suitable modality of RT are crucial to minimize complications. In general, complications can be subdivided based on its timeline of onset; acute (few days to weeks), early delayed (1-6 months) and late (>6 months). Late complications such as cognitive decline and radiation necrosis can be debilitating and negatively impacts quality-of-life. New strategies to reduce RT-related complications such as with hippocampal sparing-WBRT, memantine, and focal RT (e.g., stereotactic radiosurgery) have had promising results and are being adopted in clinical practice. This review will focus on RT-related complications in the brain, with a focus on WBRT or SRS-related late adverse events, as well as measures to mitigate these complications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".