Star-Delta Connection Three-Stage Millimeter Wave Band LC Ring Oscillator
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, a new topology is proposed for a three-stage LC ring oscillator. First, it is shown that the conventional ring oscillator can be represented as a configuration of a star connection of inductors. Next, in the proposed topology, the star connection is replaced with a star-delta connection to increase the inductance value for a given oscillation frequency. This is desirable in millimeter-wave band frequencies, where the inductance value is very small and severely affected by parasitic and may entail limitations in foundry design kits. By using the delta connection of the inductors, a higher oscillation frequency is achieved for a given inductance. Analytic equations are presented to calculate the oscillation condition and frequency of oscillation in the proposed topology. Moreover, the proposed structure has a better phase noise performance at higher frequencies in comparison to conventional topology. The advantages of the proposed topology are examined by simulations using TSMC 0.18 um RF-CMOS technology. Simulations and analysis results show a 38.36% increase of oscillation frequency in the proposed topology compared to the conventional one with the same components and similar conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".