Impact of Reduced Dietary Crude Protein in the Starter Phase on Immune Development and Response of Broilers Throughout the Growth Period
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Crude protein (CP) levels in commercial broiler (Gallus gallus) diets, optimized for maximum yield production vs. feed cost, have only begun to be assessed for impact on immune function. In order to study immune effects of dietary CP levels, different starter phase (day 1 to 14) diets were fed to 230 Ross 708 male broiler chicks randomly assigned at 1-day of age into 2 treatment groups. Group 1: Standard diet (STD) contained 3000 kcal AMEn/kg energy and 23.78 % CP and Group 2: Reduced crude protein diet (RCP) contained 3000 kcal AMEn/kg energy and 21.23 % CP. From day 15 to 35 a common standard grower/finisher diet (3150 kcal AMEn/kg energy and 22.18 % CP was allocated to both groups. Zymosan, a glycan derived from yeast cell walls that binds to TLR 2 and Dectin-1, was used for intra-abdominal challenge. Results demonstrated that a reduced crude protein starter diet (21.23 % vs 23.78 % CP) between age 1 to 14, while maintaining the same levels of metabolizable energy and essential amino acids, did not affect broilers growth performance or lymphoid organ weights (P > 0.05). Interestingly, basal leukocyte levels in the RCP group significantly (P 0.05). Moreover, dietary treatments did not influence percentage of ROS producing cells in the abdominal cavity (P > 0.05). To our best knowledge, this is the first study that reports the impacts of reduced crude protein diet on the innate immune response of poultry to an acute inflammation model in the abdominal cavity. Overall, our results highlight that reduced crude protein diets can be used without negatively impacting broiler performance and may enhance the capacity of broilers to recruit leukocytes upon infection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".