The Colorimetric Signaling of Water Content by a Deprotonated Schiff Base in some Aprotic Organic Solvents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A simple Schiff base, (E)‐2‐[1‐{2‐(2,4‐dinitrophenyl)hydrazono}ethyl]phenol (Hdph) and its deprotonated form, (E)‐1‐(2,4‐dinitrophenyl)‐2‐{1‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene} hydrazine‐1‐ide (dph) have been synthesized and characterized by various physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques. Their structures have also been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. The dph has been utilized as a colorimetric probe for the signaling of water content in some water‐miscible aprotic organic solvents (acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran). The dph reveals a pronounced colorimetric behavior in response to the variation of water content in these solvents. Significant changes in UV‐visible absorption spectra permit a ratiometric analysis of the signaling behavior. The spectral changes are pronounced for the water content of less than 10 %, which is suitable for the application of dph as a receptor for the determination of water content in binary aqueous organic solvents having lower water content. The limit of detection (LOD) for water content in acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran is calculated as 0.20 % and 0.28 %, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".