Blockade of IL-6 alleviates bone loss induced by modeled microgravity in mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of blockade of IL-6 on bone loss induced by modeled microgravity (MG). Adult male mice were exposed to hind-limb suspension (HLS) and treated with IL-6-neutralizing antibody (IL-6 nAb) for 4 weeks. HLS in mice led to upregulation of IL-6 expression in both sera and femurs. IL-6 nAb treatment in HLS mice significantly alleviated bone loss, evidenced by increased bone mineral density of whole tibia, trabecular thickness and number, bone volume fraction of proximal tibiae, and ultimate load and stiffness of femoral diaphysis. IL-6 nAb treatment in HLS mice significantly enhanced levels of osteocalcin in sera and reduced levels of deoxypyridinoline. In MC3T3-E1 cells exposed to MG in vitro, IL-6 nAb treatment increased mRNA expression and activity of alkaline phosphatase, mRNA expression of osteopontin and runt-related transcription factor 2, and protein levels of osteoprotegerin and decreased protein levels of receptor activator of the NF-κB ligand. In RAW254.7 cells exposed to MG, IL-6 nAb treatment downregulated mRNA expression of cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and reduced numbers of TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclasts. In conclusion, blockade of IL-6 alleviated the bone loss induced by MG.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".