15 PAEDIATRIC TUBERCULOSIS MANAGED AT A CANADIAN CHILDRENS HOSPITAL: RELATIONSHIP TO BIRTHPLACE AND TRAVEL HISTORY
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background There are limited data about the relationship of child’s birthplace, parents’ birthplace, and travel history to paediatric tuberculosis (TB) acquisition and disease phenotype in Canada. Travel history is not routinely collected by public health authorities for cases of TB in Canada. Objectives The objective of this study is to investigate the association of paediatric TB acquisition and disease phenotype at a metropolitan Canadian children’s hospital with child’s birthplace, parents’ birth place, and travel history. Design/Methods We reviewed prospectively collected TB clinic data (which include travel histories) and records of patients aged 0-17 years managed for active TB disease at a children’s hospital ambulatory TB clinic between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2018. Results Two hundred and twenty six cases were identified, of which 116 (51%) were Canadian-born and 110 (49%) were foreign born children. Of the Canadian-born cases, only one case had parents who were both Canadian-born. In comparison to foreign-born patients, Canadian-born patients were more likely to have a history of travel to a TB-endemic country (63/104) [61%] versus (25/103) [24%], odds ratio [OR] 4.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.6-8.7 p<0.001. Canadian-born patients were also more likely to have a known index case (80/116) [69%] versus foreign-born patients (23/110) [21%], OR 8.4; 95% CI 4.5-15.4, p<0.001. For Canadian-born patients, those without a known index case were more likely to have a history of travel to a TB-endemic country than those with a known index case (28/34) [82%] versus (35/70) [50%], [OR] 4.7 95% CI 1.7-12.7, p=0.02. Compared to Canadian-born patients, foreign-born patients had more extrapulmonary disease (48/109) [44%] versus (19/114) [17%], OR 3.9; 95% CI 2.1-7.3, p <0.001. Conclusion Canadian-born children often acquired TB through contact with an infectious source in Canada. However, travel was likely important in a significant minority of cases, especially in Canadian-born children without a known index case. Post-immigration travel may also have been the source of TB in some foreign-born individuals. This would reduce the effectiveness of screening children for TB infection upon immigration. Strategies to prevent and detect travel-related TB are needed to reduce paediatric TB in areas with high immigration rates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".