Bibliographic record
Abstract
A hierarchical framework comprising 3 realms, 8 regions and 31 biotic provinces is proposed for the Permian global marine biogeography. The three realms, namely Gondwanan (Anti-Boreal or Notai), Palaeo-Equatorial and Boreal, are considered to largely correspond to, the southern polar to subpolar, palaeo-tropical and northern polar to temperate climatic zones, respectively. Regions are recognized within realms mainly on the basis of significant palaeogeographical barriers, both oceanic and continental. The Palaeo-Equatorial Realm is thought to be composed of the Cathaysian (located in the Eastern Tethys), Mediterranean (located in the Western Tethys), North American Region, and the Cimmerian Regions (located in the Southern Tethys). The Cimmerian Region displayed a highly dynamic nature in terms of provincial affinities with the Gondwanan and Palaeo-Equatorial Realms during the Permian, in that it belonged to the Gondwanan Realm in the Asselian-Tastubian time, then went through a mid-Permian transitional stage and finally entered the Palaeo-Equatorial Realm in the Late Permian (Dzhulfian to Changhsingian). The Boreal Realm is divided into two regions, Euro-Canadian Region and Taimyr-Kolyma Region, roughly corresponding to the northern palaeo-subpolar or palaeo-temperate and high palaeo-polar zones, respectively. Similarly, two regions are recognized for the Gondwanan Realm: Australian and Afro-South American. Discussions are focused on realms and regions, with comments also made to some provinces wherever appropriate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".