To the Biography of a Ukrainian Activist of the Rebellion Movement During the Second World War Taras Bulba-Borovets (1908–1981) (on the Documents of Central State Archives of Foreign Archival Ucrainica)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The main milestones of the life of the founder of the «Polissya Sich» and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army Taras Dmytrovych Bulba-Borovets (1908–1981), his military and political activities during the Second World War and the period of postwar emigration are highlighted. The research methodology is based on general scientifi c, historical and interdisciplinary methods. Biographical facts of military-political activity of T. Bulba-Borovets are considered and presented according to the principles of scientifi city, historicism and objectivity. Scientifi c novelty. Based on the documents of the Central State Archive of Foreign Archival Ucrainica (TsDAZU), the biographical data on the life and military activity of the organizer of the armed resistance in Polissya in the fi rst years of the Nazi occupation of Ukraine, the founder of the «Polissya Sich» and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army T. Bulba-Borovets were supplemented and clarifi ed. The main focus is on his life in exile in Germany, namely the period 1954–1955, as the lack of sources in the works of modern researchers there are false allegations about the movement of T. Bulba-Borovets to the United States at the turn of 1940s – 1950s . However, the documents of TsDAZU testify to the active activity of T. Bulba-Borovets at least until the end of 1955 in Germany, where he headed the military organization created by him in 1947 from among the former combatants – the Ukrainian National Guard (UNG). Also, based on published sources, in particular foreign periodicals, it was possible to establish the participation of T. Bulba-Borovets in leading positions in the organization of the Union for the Liberation of Ukraine (SVU) in the late 1950s – early 1960s after his move to the United States. The conclusions state the researchers’ scientifi c interest in the fi gure of T. Bulba-Borovets mainly during the Second World War, when he was commander of the «Polissya Sich» – UPA, and insuffi cient study of his military and socio-political activities in the postwar period. Little-known pages in the biography of T. Bulba-Borovets today are the last one and a half decades of his life, when he retired from active public life due to deteriorating health. References: Bojko, M. (1976). Bibliohrafi chnyj ohlyad zbrojnoyi borotby Volyni. [Bibliographical review on Volyn military struggle]. Toronto: Tovarystvo «Volyn». [in Ukrainian]. Bulba-Borovec, T. (1996). Armiya bez derzhavy: Slava i trahediya povstanskoho ruhu. Spohady. [Army without state: glory and tragedy of the insurgency. Memoirs]. Kyiv–Toronto–Nyu-Jork. [in Ukrainian]. Bulba-Borovec, T. (2011). Dokumenty. Statti. Lysty. [Documents. Articles. Letters]. Kyiv. [in Ukrainian]. Dziobak, V. (2012). Taras Bulba-Borovec i joho vijskovi pidrozdily v ukrayinskomu rusi oporu (1941–1944 rr.). [Taras Bulba-Borovets and his military units in Ukrainian resistance (1941–1944)]. Kyiv. [in Ukrainian]. Horodeckyj, V. (1997, March 6–12). Taras Bulba z Poliskoho krayu. [Taras Bulba from Polesia region]. Chas. [in Ukrainian]. Kentij, A. (1992). Otaman Taras Bulba. Polityka i chas, 4. [in Ukrainian]. Kyrychuk, Yu. (n.d.) Taras Bulba-Borovec: joho druzi i vorohy. [Taras Bulba-Borovets: his friends and enemies]. Retrieved June 26, 2019, from www.vox-populi.com.ua/literaturna-storinka/taras-bulba-borovec-jogo-druzi-ivorogiavtor-kiricuk-urij/ [in Ukrainian]. Marchuk, I. (n. d.) Otaman Taras Bulba-Borovec: pro et contra. Retrieved June 26, 2019, from https://www.istpravda.com.ua/articles/2018/08/14/152779/ [in Ukrainian]. Olhovskyj, I. (n.d.) Chy buv Taras Borovec platnym ahentom Abveru u 1939–1940 rokax? [Was Taras Borovets an Abwehr paid agent in 1939–1940?]. Retrieved July 15, 2019, from http://poliskasich.org.ua/?=564 [in Ukrainian]. Olhovskyj, I. (2015). Zasnovnyk UPA (1941–1943): Storinky neprochytanoho zhyttyepysu Tarasa Bulby-Borovcya. [Pages of Taras Bulba-Borovets’s unread biography]. Kyiv: Hart. [in Ukrainian]. Samchuk, U. (1976). Slidamy pioneriv: Epos Ukrainskoi Ameryky. [The traces of pioneers: epos of Ukrainian America]. Nyu-Jork: Vydavnyctvo «Svoboda». [in Ukrainian]. Shulyak, O. (1948). V imya pravdy: dijsnist pro Povstanchu armiyu. [For the sake of truth: the realities of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army]. Buenos-Ajres. [in Ukrainian]. Smorodskyj, P. (1978). Poliska Sich. [Polissian Sich]. Ukrayinske kozactvo, 3–4(48–49), 21–25. Ukrainska nacionalna manifestaciya u Londoni. [Ukrainian national manifestation in London]. (1950, November 5). Ukrainske slovo, 469, 3. [in Ukrainian].
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".