The Kyoto Protocol, Inter-Provincial Cooperation, and Energy Trading: A Systems Analysis with integrated MARKAL Models
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
specified by the Kyoto protocol for three Canadian provinces, Ontario, Quebec, and Alberta. We analyze four scenarios, each specifYing a certain level of cooperation (i.e. oftrading ofemission permits and of electricity) between the provinces. To effect these analysesJour MARKAL models (onefor each province and one for the US) are used in a multi-regional framework that endogenizes energy and permit exchange levels and prices. The US model is included in the analysis in order to correctly simulate the important natural gas market between Canada and the USA. The results indicate that both permit trading and electricity exchanges are capable of significantly reducing the direct costs of abiding by the Kyoto protoco!. The paper also includes an analysis of the the main policy issues faced by the three provinces while planning for a concerted effort to abate GHG emissions
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it