Current knowledge on the control of onset and cessation of colostrogenesis in swine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Colostrum is the elixir for life in newborn piglets. If the prepartum peak of prolactin is inhibited, thereby preventing the onset of lactogenesis, piglets undoubtedly die (Farmer et al., 1998). A minimum amount of 250 g of colostrum must be ingested by an average size neonatal piglet (1.4 kg) during the first 24 h after birth in order to acquire immune protection and sustain body growth (Quesnel et al., 2012). However, this does not occur in all litters. It was estimated that approximately one-third of sows cannot produce enough colostrum to fully support their litters (Quesnel et al., 2012). This is most important in the current context where hyperprolific sow lines are being used on a regular basis, thereby increasing the demand for colostrum production. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that colostrum yield is not affected by litter size (Devillers et al., 2005) so that it is not greater in very large litters. It is therefore imperative to attempt to augment the amount of colostrum available to piglets. Numerous reviews have described the nutritional and endocrine factors affecting colostrum yield and composition in swine (Devillers et al., 2007; Farmer and Quesnel, 2009; Quesnel et al., 2012; Quesnel and Farmer, 2019). The goal of the present review is to focus specifically on the duration of colostrogenesis and to summarize our current knowledge of the mechanisms of action involved in the control of its onset and cessation. Such information would be most pertinent to develop novel management strategies in peripartal sows to maximize colostrum availability to piglets.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".