A silicon-on-insulator single-arm Mach-Zehnder interferometer (SAMZI) modulator
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We demonstrate a single-arm Mach-Zehnder interferometer (SAMZI) modulator based on asymmetric long-period gratings for TE 0 -TE 1 mode conversion integrated with a p-n junction doped waveguide for relative phase modulation between these modes via the electro-optic effect. The device consists of two long-period grating sections, with the active waveguide modulator section in-between, and inverse tapers at the input (to couple in only the TE 0 mode), and the output (to filter out the excited TE 1 mode). The periodicity dictates a central mode conversion wavelength and thus the region of operation for the modulator. Simulations are performed to investigate passive device properties, such as central wavelength sensitivity, free spectral range, and coupling coefficient, as well as active performance of the modulator. A fabricated device was characterized with a central wavelength of 1490 nm, a free spectral range of 0.975 nm, and a thermal stability of −0.521 rad/K or 42.4 pm/K. By balancing the lengths of each section, the device can be made athermal. Steady-state characterization shows a maximum on-off extinction ratio of 3.96 dB for a voltage difference of −8 V. The total phase-shift of the measured device agrees with simulation, with a phase-shift of 0.34π at −8 V. The V π L π of the measured device is 2.96 V·cm at −1 V and 6.37 V·cm at −8 V.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".