The effects of abiotic stressors and signal molecules on phenolic composition and antioxidant activities of in vitro regenerated Hypericum perforatum (St. John's Wort)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum L. is a pharmaceutically and industrially significant natural source due to its rich phenolic content and antioxidant potential. This study aimed to establish an optimized development protocol through plant tissue culture methods and evaluate the effects of abiotic stressors and signal molecules on phenolic composition and antioxidant responses. Methanol based extracts prepared from lyophilized powders of plant samples obtained from nature and aseptic seedlings, and calluses obtained from abiotic stress factors and signal molecules were analysed for phenolic composition using HPLC-MS/MS and antioxidant responses through complementary methods (FCR, FRAP and ORAC). Experimental analysis revealed the use of B5 and SH media for in vitro plant regeneration as the most proper chemical environments for the development and standardization of Hypericum perforatum. Chromatographic findings showed that quercetin, pseudohypericin and partially chlorogenic acid compounds as key phenolic compounds of calluses and plant samples of Hypericum perforatum. The analyses deduced that UV and sucrose increased the level of chlorogenic acid, while ascorbic acid increased the level of quercetin and drought applications increased the concentration of pseudohypericin compared to the control. Rutin compound was only produced in pot samples, which indicates a significant response to the drought stress. Additionally, it was found that B5, SH, and MS media containing of 2 mg/L NAA+1 mg BA with elicitors of 50 µmol of ascorbic acid and 6% sucrose and a UV stress of 5 (or 10) min-24 h harvesting might be a proper protocol for the optimization and standardization of Hypericum perforatum L. Findings obtained within this study revealed novel contributions for optimization, standardization and production of antioxidative phenolic compounds of Hypericum perforatum plant samples for pharmaceutical and industrial utilization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".