Bone health practices in men on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT): A population-based analysis of 25,802 patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
9631 Background: ADT is used in up to 1 in 2 men with prostate cancer. Osteoporosis and fragility fractures are important side effects of ADT. Guidelines recommend 2 important bone health practices for men on ADT - measurement of bone mineral density with dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and use of bisphosphonates in men at risk of osteoporosis. The implementation of these guidelines in practice is not well known. Methods: Using linked administrative databases, we identified 25,802 men (mean age 75.9 y, range 66–100 y) with prostate cancer who were treated with at least 6 months of ADT or who underwent bilateral orchiectomy in Ontario, Canada between 1995 and 2005. Performance of DEXA and prescription of bisphosphonates were captured using specific procedure codes and drug identification numbers, respectively. Prior use of DEXA and bisphosphonates, as well as prior diagnoses of osteoporosis and fragility fracture, were captured with specific diagnostic codes and a 3 y look-back period. Annual rates per 100 person-years were determined for both outcomes. Results: Among 25,802 men, 3.09% had a DEXA more than one year prior to starting ADT, and 3.14% had a prior diagnosis of osteoporosis. Within 2 years of starting ADT, the rate of undergoing DEXA rose from 0.50 per 100 person-years in 1995 to 19.47 in 2005. Rates of DEXA testing were higher among those with a prior diagnosis of osteoporosis, prior DEXA test, or prior fragility fracture but did not reach rates above 50 per 100 person-years in any of these groups. Bisphosphonate use increased from 0.27 per 100 person-years in 1995 to 3.18 in 2005 among prior non-users. More men on ADT were started on a bisphosphonate in the third year after starting ADT as compared to the second year, and rates were higher in year 2 than year 1. Less than one-third of men starting a bisphosphonate underwent any DEXA testing within 12 months of bisphosphonate initiation. Conclusions: Rates of DEXA testing and bisphosphonate use have increased over time among older men starting ADT, but significant gaps and delays remain in the quality of bone health care in this population. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".