Experimental investigation of the effects of water content on the anisotropy of mode I fracture toughness of bedded mudstones
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The influence of water content on mode I fracture toughness (KIc) of mudstones has been studied using semi-circular bend (SCB) specimens subject to three-point bendings. And the mudstone SCB specimens are divided into three types, including Type-A, Type-B and Type-C, corresponding to the three configurations of the bedding planes, including divider direction, arrester direction, and transverse direction, respectively. The test results show that the values of KIc for the three types of specimens are different due to the bedding structure, the Type-A specimens have the largest value of KIc for the same soak period, while the Type-C specimens possess the smallest value. As the soak period increases, the KIc of the three kinds of mudstone specimens decreases, and the fracture mechanisms of the specimens change gradually from the brittle failure form to the ductile failure form. Moreover, the standard deviation was used to quantify the anisotropy degree of the KIc of the mudstone samples. As the water content increases, the standard deviation increases from 0.057 to 0.139, which indicates a significant increase in anisotropy of the KIc of the mudstone specimens. In addition, the acoustic emission (AE) system was used to detect the AE events associated with the fracture initiation and propagation in the mudstone specimens for the different water content, with the raising water content, the cumulative AE events decrease, and the standard deviation of AE events increases, repesenting that the anisotropy of the AE events of the three types of specimens becomes more prominent. Further, the relationship between the tensile strength (σt) and the KIc of the three types of mudstone specimens for different water contents has been proved to be the linear relation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".