Occurrence of extended spectrum β-lactamase and AmpC-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in retail meat products from the Maritime Provinces, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance to the extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) in Escherichia coli isolates recovered from retail meat products collected in the Maritime Provinces of Canada using both selective and traditional culture methods, and genotypically using multiplex polymerase chain reactions. ESC-R E. coli was detected in 33/559 (5.9%) samples using the traditional culture compared to 151/557 (27.1%) samples using the selective culture method. The recovery of ESC-R E. coli isolates was more common in poultry compared to beef and pork (P<0.001). Multi-drug resistance, ESBL, and AmpC phenotypes were more common in chicken-derived isolates than other retail meat products (P<0.001). From the 98 isolates selected, 76 (77.6%) isolates were positive for either ESBL and AmpC β-lactamases or both. Among the 76 isolates, bla CMY-2 (78.9%), bla CTXM (46.1%), bla TEM (21.1%), and bla SHV (1.3%) were detected. Among the bla CTXM -producing isolates; bla CTXM-1 , bla CTXM-2 , and bla CTXM-9 phylogenetic groups were detected. β-lactamase genes were detected more in chicken-derived isolates compared to other meat types (P<0.01). This study demonstrated the occurrence of ESBL and AmpC resistance genes in retail meat products in Maritime Provinces of Canada. Also, selective culture significantly improved the recovery of ESC-R E. coli isolates from retail meat samples.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".