Fetal Flow Quantification in Great Vessels Using Motion‐Corrected Radial Phase Contrast <scp>MRI</scp>: Comparison With Cartesian
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Phase contrast MRI in the great vessels is a potential clinical tool for managing fetal pathologies. One challenge is the uncontrollable fetal motion, potentially corrupting flow quantifications. Purpose To demonstrate improvements in fetal blood flow quantification in great vessels using retrospectively motion‐corrected golden‐angle radial phase contrast MRI relative to Cartesian phase contrast MRI. Study Type Method comparison. Phantom/Subjects Computer simulation. Seventeen pregnant volunteers. Field Strength/Sequence 1.5T and 3T . Cartesian and golden‐angle radial phase contrast MRI . Assessment Through computer simulations, radial (with and without retrospective motion correction) and Cartesian phase contrast MRI were compared using flow deviations. in vivo Cartesian and radial phase contrast MRI measurements and reconstruction qualities were compared in pregnancies. Cartesian data were reconstructed into gated reconstructions (CINEs) after cardiac gating with metric optimized gating (MOG). For radial data, real‐time reconstructions were performed for motion correction and MOG followed by CINE reconstructions. Statistical Tests Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. Linear regression. Bland–Altman plots. Student's t ‐test. Results Simulations showed significant improvements ( P < 0.05) in flow accuracy and reconstruction quality with motion correction ([mean/peak] flow errors with ±5 mm motion corruption: Cartesian [35 ± 1/115 ± 7] mL/s, motion uncorrected radial [25 ± 1/75 ± 2] mL/s and motion‐corrected radial [1.0 ± 0.5/−5 ± 1] mL/s). in vivo Cartesian reconstructions without motion correction had lower quality than the motion‐corrected radial reconstructions ( P < 0.05). Across all fetal mean flow measurements, the bias [limits of agreement] between the two measurements were −0.2 [−76, 75] mL/min/kg, while the linear regression coefficients were (M radial = 0.81 × M Cartesian + 29.8 [mL/min/kg], r 2 = 0.67). The corresponding measures for the peak fetal flows were −23 [−214, 167] mL/min/kg and ( P radial = 0.95 × P Cartesian –1.2 [mL/min/kg], r 2 = 0.80). Cartesian reconstructions of low quality showed significantly higher estimated mean and peak ( P < 0.05) flows than the corresponding radial reconstructions. Data Conclusion Simulations showed that radial phase contrast MRI with motion compensation improved flow accuracy. For fetal measurements, motion‐corrected radial reconstructions showed better image quality than, and different flow values from, Cartesian reconstructions. Level of Evidence 1. Technical Efficacy Stage 1. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2021;53:540–551.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".