Solid–Liquid Europium Ion Extraction via Phosphonic Acid-Functionalized Polyvinylidene Fluoride Siloxanes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Novel triethoxysilane and dimethyl phosphonate functional vinylidene fluoride (VDF)-containing terpolymers, for potential applications in Eu ion extraction from water, were produced by conventional radical terpolymerization of VDF with vinyltriethoxylsilane (VTEOS) and vinyldimethylphosphonate (VDMP). Although initial attempts for the copolymerization of VTEOS and VDMP failed, the successful terpolymerization was initiated by peroxide to lead to multiple poly(VDF-ter-VDMP-ter-VTEOS) terpolymers, that had different molar percentages of VDF (70–90 mol.%), VTEOS (5–20 mol.%) and VDMP (10 mol.%) in 50–80% yields. The obtained terpolymers were characterized by 1H, 19F, 29Si and 31P NMR spectroscopies. The crosslinking of such resulting poly(VDF-ter-VDMP-ter-VTEOS) terpolymers was achieved by hydrolysis and condensation (sol–gel process) of the triethoxysilane groups in acidic media, to obtain a 3D network, which was analyzed by solid state 29Si and 31P NMR spectroscopies, TGA and DSC. The thermal stability of the terpolymers was moderately high (up to 300 °C under air), whereas they display a slight increase in their crystallinity-rate from 9.7% to 12.1% after crosslinking. Finally, the dimethyl phosphonate functions were hydrolyzed into phosphonic acid successfully, and the europium ion extraction capacity of terpolymer was studied. The results demonstrated a very high removal capacity of Eu(III) ions from water, up to a total removal at low concentrations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".