‘Butta 12’, a two‐rowed malting barley adapted to the California Central Valley with proven floor‐malting success and craft brewer acceptance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract ‘Butta 12’ (Reg. no. CV‐371, PI 692639) is the first malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) released by the University of California to complete plant‐scale malting evaluation and to be brewed successfully by scores of craft brewers. In cooperation with Admiral Maltings, Alameda, CA, Butta 12 has been malted and marketed primarily under the names Gallagher's Best, Feldblume, and Admiral Pils for all‐malt brewing and distilling. Butta 12 combines good malting quality, adequate disease resistance, and good agronomic performance to provide a local maltster with a grower‐accepted local source of malting barley. Kilning variables produced a wide range of flavors. Additionally, Butta 12 and a related malting cultivar ‘UC Tahoe’ are nonproducers of glycosidic nitrile, which is an advantage for their use by distillers. With no initial California two‐rowed malting barley germplasm as a starting point, it took over 20 yr of breeding work to combine favorable alleles for malting quality from the Oregon State University barley improvement program with increased disease resistance from the barley breeding program of International Center for the Improvement of Agriculture in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)/International Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement (CIMMYT), Mexico. The focus on disease resistance was necessary because several barley diseases in California prevent the direct introduction of malting cultivars into California's Central Valley from the northern tier of U.S. states and Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".