Laparoscopic two-steps ovariohysterectomy in five mares with chronic pyometra
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Equine ovariohysterectomy (OHE) is an uncommonly performed and technically challenging surgery, associated with a high degree of invasiveness, morbidity and high risks of life-threatening complications. The traditional open surgical approach for ovariohysterectomy via post-umbilical laparotomy showed various disadvantages related to limited intraoperative visualization, longer duration of general anaesthesia and high post-operative morbidity. The aim of this study is to report surgical technique and clinical outcome of five mares with chronic pyometra operated with a two-steps surgical procedure, consisting of standing laparoscopy followed by postumbilical ventral midline laparotomy under general anaesthesia. Clinical signs, diagnosis, duration of condition, surgical technique, post-operative period and outcome were reviewed from medical records of five mares that underwent OHE at the Department of Equine Surgery at the Clinic for Horses of the Justus-Liebig-University in Giessen from 2011 to 2019. The indication for ovariohysterectomy was chronic pyometra (n = 5). The surgical technique allowed tension-free dissection and haemostasis of mesovarium and mesometrium by direct visualization during laparoscopy. Despite the fact that the surgery is a moderated technical procedure, no intraoperative complications occurred in any of the patients. Furthermore, all five mares did not develop any serious postoperative complications and survived to discharge. The surgical treatment led to complete resolution of clinical signs in all mares. The laparoscopic two-steps surgery combines the advantages of laparoscopy with the conventional surgical technique and it is nowadays the preferred method for total or subtotal OHE.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".