Age at Onset of <scp>LRRK2</scp> p.<scp>Gly2019Ser</scp> Is Related to Environmental and Lifestyle Factors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objectives The effect of environmental and lifestyle factors on patients with LRRK2 (leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2) p.Gly2019Ser (LRRK2 + /PD + ) compared to idiopathic PD (iPD) has yet to be thoroughly investigated. Methods In a homogeneous Tunisian Arab Berber population, we recruited 200 idiopathic PD and 199 LRRK2 p.Gly2019Ser mutation carriers, of whom 142 had PD (LRRK2 + /PD + ) and 57 were unaffected (LRRK2 + /PD − ). Case report form (CRF) questionnaires (motor and non‐motor symptoms) including the Geoparkinson Questionnaire were used to assess environmental and lifestyle factors. Results In LRRK2 + /PD + , tobacco use was significantly associated with a later median age at onset (AAO). The median AAO was 60 years (interquartile range = 52–67.25) for tobacco users, compared to 52 years (interquartile range = 45.25–61) for non‐users ( P = 0.0042 at adjusted α = 0.025). Additionally, we observed an independent but additive effect of black tea consumption and tobacco use. Conclusions Our data suggest that tobacco and black tea have a protective effect on age at onset in LRRK2 + /PD + . © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".