Age at Onset of <scp>LRRK2</scp> p.<scp>Gly2019Ser</scp> Is Related to Environmental and Lifestyle Factors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objectives The effect of environmental and lifestyle factors on patients with LRRK2 (leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2) p.Gly2019Ser (LRRK2+/PD+) compared to idiopathic PD (iPD) has yet to be thoroughly investigated. Methods In a homogeneous Tunisian Arab Berber population, we recruited 200 idiopathic PD and 199 LRRK2 p.Gly2019Ser mutation carriers, of whom 142 had PD (LRRK2+/PD+) and 57 were unaffected (LRRK2+/PD−). Case report form (CRF) questionnaires (motor and non‐motor symptoms) including the Geoparkinson Questionnaire were used to assess environmental and lifestyle factors. Results In LRRK2+/PD+, tobacco use was significantly associated with a later median age at onset (AAO). The median AAO was 60 years (interquartile range = 52–67.25) for tobacco users, compared to 52 years (interquartile range = 45.25–61) for non‐users (P = 0.0042 at adjusted α = 0.025). Additionally, we observed an independent but additive effect of black tea consumption and tobacco use. Conclusions Our data suggest that tobacco and black tea have a protective effect on age at onset in LRRK2+/PD+. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".