Enhanced biotreatability of petroleum hydrocarbon–contaminated mining waste coupled with the attenuation of acid drainage production
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A biostimulation study was conducted on mining waste residue with nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) and/or liming agent (ash or CaCO 3 ) amendment to assess petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) biodegradation efficiency by indigenous microorganisms. Compounds accumulated and/or released by treated samples were also monitored to determine the potential for acid mine drainage production during biostimulation. The potential for natural attenuation (i.e., the biodegradation of PHC contamination) was initially low but increased significantly upon nutrient addition. The best results were obtained when nutrient addition was coupled with the addition of a liming agent, notably CaCO 3 , which contributed to maintaining near‐neutral pH values. In fact, during treatment without a liming agent, pH decreased due to the oxidation of sulfide minerals, resulting in acid mine drainage production with increased metals released into sample leachates. Sulfur‐ and iron‐oxidizing bacteria were detected primarily in samples not amended with liming agents, and the predominant organisms were affiliated with Acidithiobacillus spp. and Acidiphilium spp. Overall, the results of the present study demonstrated that amendment with a liming agent when treating PHC‐contaminated mining waste residue contributes to maintaining a pH close to neutrality, mitigates sulfate release, and reduces the release of metals without negatively affecting the activity of PHC degraders.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".