One-dimensional (1D) immediate compression and creep in large particle-sized tire-derived aggregate (TDA) for leachate collection and removal systems (LCRSs)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Potential cost savings and environmental benefits are two reasons for using tire-derived aggregate (TDA) in place of gravel, or drainage geosynthetics, as drainage material in the leachate collection and removal systems (LCRSs) of waste disposal facilities. As a polymeric material, TDA is expected to undergo both immediate and time dependent compression (creep) under sustained compressive loading, and these may influence performance. The response of large particle-sized TDA — TDA with individual particle sizes generally greater than 50 mm — to large compressive loads up to 300 kPa was studied to assess void volume reduction from the individual and combined effects of immediate compression and creep. The results showed void volume reduction from creep, but this was considerably less than that from the immediate compression. The final void ratio appeared to be dependent on the initial void ratio (e 0 ), as well as on the applied load, but it did not appear to be dependent on the loading rate or to be influenced by elevated temperatures (up to 58 °C). Presented here are the details of the study, findings, and implications for practice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".