A 4<sup>th</sup>-Order Programmable Channel Selection Filter for Acoustic and Ultrasonic Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This brief presents a programmable low-power 4thorder active biquad bandpass filter (BPF) designed using TSMC's 65-nm CMOS technology. The proposed filter consists of two second-order BPFs which are based on a gm-C topology. Each second-order filter utilizes a pair of input capacitors. The proposed BPF can provide non-overlapping frequency bands and it spans a total bandwidth between 3.5 kHz to 1.5 MHz by using a digital cell to control it. For the nominal center frequency of 100 kHz, the quality factor is equal to 8.4, and the quality factor remains approximately constant for all passbands. The dynamic range of this design is 61.6 dB for 1% total harmonic distortion (THD). By digitally controlling the biasing voltage, it is possible to change the center frequency of the proposed filter, and effectively the filter can be used to acquire a specific channel. The filter design, excluding the digital control cell, consumes a low power consumption equal to 24 μW. Hence, the proposed programmable channel selection filter shows an excellent performance as compared to existing work and offers a great potential for use in low frequency applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".