Bibliographic record
Abstract
Is the retirement of the baby boomer generation a cause for alarm? What is the true scope of this phenomenon? These questions, and the other challenges faced by the Public Social Security System, leave no doubt that the retirement of the baby boomer generation, coupled with the demographic effect and the income deficit facing the System, will be the cause of some financial tension. The general alarm seen in its greatest forms in the United States, Canada, Australia and Norway is far from the reality in Europe, and Spain in particular. This article will analyse the causes of the phenomenon, by comparing various European countries, as well as the repercussions of the demographic effect on the sustainability of pensions. Law 23/2013, of 23 December, regulating the Sustainability Factor and the Revaluation Index of the Social Security Pension System, introduced automatic mechanisms, under the cover of the reforms carried out by different countries of the European Union, causing unprecedented legal friction within our System. In short, the retirement of the baby boomer generation represents a challenge for our Public Pension System, especially due to the confluence of various situations, such as the so-called Revolution 4.0, the structural change of the population pyramid or, the much-feared low business cycles. The legislator must adjust our System to adapt it to these new necessities.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".