Non-linear finite-element investigation of the parameters affecting externally-bonded FRP flexural-strengthened RC beams
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a three-dimensional non-linear finite-element model developed to simulate the behaviour of reinforced-concrete (RC) beams strengthened in flexure with carbon fibre-reinforced polymers (CFRP). The model is used to identify the parameters that have a significant influence on the behaviour of FRP flexural-strengthened beams. The parameters investigated are the width, length, thickness, and elastic modulus of the FRP laminate, as well as the number of FRP layers. The effect of two flexural-strengthening schemes is studied: a beam with two FRP plates at the soffit of the beam beneath the longitudinal steel, and a beam with a double layer of CFRP plates on the bottom face of the beam. The accuracy of the finite-element model is validated against published experimental data. Comparisons between numerical predictions and test results show very reasonable accuracy in terms of ultimate load-carrying capacities, load-deflection relationships, and failure modes. Results of the parametric study indicate that for some parameters, there is a threshold for the contribution of FRP laminates. The effect of the two flexural-strengthening schemes on the behaviour of FRP flexural-strengthened beams is also demonstrated.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it