Field Performance and Rating Evaluation of a Modular Press-Brake-Formed Steel Tub Girder with a Steel Sandwich Plate Deck
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Short Span Steel Bridge Alliance (SSSBA) is a group of bridge and culvert industry leaders (including steel manufacturers, fabricators, service centers, coaters, researchers, and representatives of related associations and government organizations) who have joined together to provide educational information on the design and construction of short span steel bridges in installations up to 140 feet in length. The SSSBA technical working group has developed a shallow press-brake-formed tub girder, a trapezoidal cold bent girder, to address the demand in the short span steel bridge market for rapid infrastructure replacement solutions. Following extensive experimental testing and design work at West Virginia University, members of the SSSBA in collaboration with Intelligent Engineering of Ottowa, Canada and County Engineer Douglas Davis, P.E., designed and constructed the Cannelville Road Bridge in Muskingum County, Ohio. The structure is composed of two modular, tub girder and sandwich plate steel (SPS®) deck units that were constructed offsite and erected using accelerated bridge construction (ABC) methods. The structure is the second press-brake-formed steel tub girder bridge to be erected and is the first structure with a composite SPS® deck system. One year after construction, the structure was live load field tested by researchers from West Virginia University and Marshall University to assess its performance. This study presents the analysis and conclusions of experimental testing and analytical modeling of the Cannelville Road Bridge. The procedure for both experimental and analytical testing is outlined within the content of this study. The results of these analyses were used to generate bottom flange bending stress, live load distribution factors (LLDFs), and interior and exterior girder ratings. These values, experimental and analytical, were then compared with equivalent LLDFs and live load girder ratings computed referencing American Association of Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) LRFD Specifications. The result of this testing evidences that current AASHTO LRFD Specifications for analyzing shallow press-brake-formed tub girders are conservative, with field performance exceeding the performance calculated. In addition to high performance, tub girders are practical in ABC applications and compatible with various deck designs as modular units. With a growing demand and need for rapid infrastructure replacement, shallow press-brake-formed tub girders have been proven to be an effective application in response to the growing industry demand.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".