Correlates of Coronary Artery Calcification Prevalence and Severity in Patients With Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Determinants of coronary artery calcification (CAC) prevalence and severity in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) remain understudied. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate correlates of CAC in patients with HeFH. Methods: A CAC score was calculated by a noncontrast computed tomography scan in women (n 68) and men (n 78) with genetically defined HeFH. We classified CAC prevalence and severity using 3 categories: CAC score 0 Agatston Unit (AU), CAC score 1-100 AU, and CAC score > 100 AU. Information on potential correlates of CAC including familial and personal health history, cardiovascular risk factors, lipid-lowering medication, and lifestyle habits was collected. R ESUM E Contexte : Les d eterminants de la pr evalence et de la s ev erit e de la calcification des artres coronaires (CAC) dans l'hypercholest erol emie familiale h et erozygote (HFHe) demeurent peu etudi es. L'objectif de cette etude transversale etait d'identifier les corr elats de la CAC chez des patients atteints d'HFHe. M ethodologie : Un score calcique coronarien (SCC) a et e calcul e par un examen de tomodensitom etrie sans contraste chez des femmes (n 68) et des hommes (n 78) avec HFHe g en etiquement d efinie. Nous avons class e la pr evalence et la gravit e de la CAC en trois cat egories : SCC 0 unit e d'Agatston (UA), SCC 1 100 UA et SCC > 100 UA. Des renseignements ont et e recueillis sur des corr elats Heterozygous (He) familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an inherited, autosomal dominant disease caused by genetic mutations in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR), apolipoprotein B (apo B), or proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9. 1 By disrupting the normal clearance of LDLs from the plasma, these mutations cause a marked hypercholesterolemia across the lifespan. HeFH's main clinical feature is a 2-to 3-fold increase in plasma LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations, typically ranging from 5.0 to 14.0 mmol/L. If untreated, individuals with HeFH face a 10-to 20-fold increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) compared with unaffected individuals, and CHD usually occurs prematurely before the age of 55 years. HeFH is estimated to affect 1 in 310 individuals according to most recent estimates. 2,3 Worldwide, HeFH is the most prevalent genetic disorder, causing premature coronary events and deaths. 1
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".