Sulfamethoxazole sorption by cattail and switchgrass roots
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sorption to roots is one of several mechanisms by which plant-assisted attenuation of antibiotics can be achieved. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the sorption of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) by cattail and switchgrass roots, (2) determine the kinetics of SMX sorption by cattail and switchgrass roots, and (3) characterize the temperature-dependency of SMX sorption. A batch sorption experiment was conducted to measure SMX sorption by roots of the two plant species using five initial antibiotic concentrations (2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 µg L−1) and eight sampling times (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h). Another batch experiment was conducted at three temperatures (5, 15, and 25 °C) to determine the effect of temperature on sorption kinetics. SMX sorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The pseudo-second-order rate constant (k2) decreased with increasing temperature for both plant species. The rate constant followed the order: 5 °C = 15 °C > 25 °C for cattail and 5 °C > 15 °C = 25 °C for switchgrass. Results from this study show that switchgrass roots are more effective than cattail roots in the removal of SMX. Therefore, the use of switchgrass in systems designed for phytoremediation of contaminants might also provide an efficient removal of some antibiotics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".