Impact of Proton Beam Irradiation on the Growth and Biochemical Indexes of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Seedlings Grown under Salt Stress
Bibliographic record
Abstract
L.) seedlings raised from proton beam irradiated caryopses. In order to assess the effects of radiation on the early stages of plant growth and analyze its possible influence on the alleviation of salinity, 3 and 5 Gy doses were used on dried barley seeds and germination occurred in the presence/absence of NaCl (100 mM and 200 mM). After treatment, photosynthetic pigments increased in the 5 Gy variant, which registered a higher value than the control. Among the antioxidant enzymes studied (SOD, CAT, and POD) only CAT activity increased in proton beam irradiated seeds germinated under salinity conditions, which indicates the activation of antioxidant defense. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content declined with the increase of irradiation doses on seeds germinated at 200 mM NaCl. On the other hand, the concentration of 200 mM NaCl applied alone or combined with radiation revealed an increase in soluble protein content. The growth rate suggests that 3 Gy proton beam irradiation of barley seeds can alleviate the harmful effects of 100 mM NaCl salinity, given that seedlings' growth rate increased by 1.95% compared to the control.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".