Land-based versus water-based walking programs in elderly women with knee osteoarthritis: preliminary results of a randomized clinical trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Knee osteoarthritis (kOA) is a chronic degenerativedisorder. Aerobic exercise programs have been effectivetreatments to reduce symptoms in kOA. However, studiescomparing land- and water-based interventions did notcontrol for the intensity of exercise programs. Objectives:Investigate the effects of walking programs with a controlledprogressive workload in water compared to land in terms ofpain, functional and physical performance, and quality oflife in elderly women with kOA. Materials and Methods: Thewalking training programs were divided into two groups:1) land-based aerobic training (LB); and 2) water-based aerobictraining (WB). Each training session was divided intothree phases: 1 – Warm-up (5 minutes): stretching exercises;2 - Training (30 to 55 minutes): walking at target heart rate;3 – Cool-down (5 minutes). Sixteen elderly women with kOAunderwent assessments of functional performance using thesix-minute walk test (6MWT) and the stair test (ST), whilephysical performance, maximum oxygen consumption (VO-2max) and anaerobic threshold (AT) were determined during aprogressive test. kOA was assessed by the Western Ontario andMcMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), andquality of life was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). All parameters werereevaluated after 12 weeks of aerobic training that consisted ofwalking (duration: 30-55 min.; intensity: 72-82% of maximalheart rate). Results: No significant difference between the LBand WB groups was found. There was a reduction in self-reportedpain (by WOMAC), increased performance in the 6MWTand ST, increased VO2max and VO2max corresponding to ATand improved quality of life (by SF-36) in both groups aftertraining compared with before intervention. Conclusion:Land-based aerobic training was as effective as its water-basedequivalent in clinical, physical and functional parameters inelderly women with knee OA.Keywords: Osteoarthritis of knee; Elderly; Aerobic training.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".