The Role of Occupational Therapy with Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Canadian National Survey
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a neurobehavioral disorder prevalent in childhood, demonstrate a persistent pattern of inattention and hyperactive and/or impulsive behavior that is more severe than their typically developing peers. Much of this challenging behavior is observed in the classroom. However, current literature on ADHD for school-aged children largely examines issues of clinical diagnosis and pharmacological management. Consequently, the associated challenges in functional limitations and participation restrictions that these children demonstrate have not been well examined. Fortunately, as members of the school-based team, occupational therapists are uniquely suited to address this important perspective. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to 1) identify the scope of occupational therapy (OT) practices in assessment, intervention and service delivery with children/youth with ADHD across Canada, 2) indicate potential research and practice gaps, and 3) discuss future implications with respect to OT intervention for children with ADHD. A bilingual national survey was created based on a comprehensive literature review and consultation with experts in pediatrics and knowledge translation. The survey link was sent to pediatric occupational therapists across Canada through mailing lists obtained from national and provincial organizations. A total of 172 surveys were completed (response rate = 10%). The majority of respondents reported that children with ADHD comprised 26–75% of their caseloads. More than 90% of respondents reported using OT interventions to address skills related to impairments (sensory processing), activity (fine motor function), and participation (school functioning) in their treatment of children with attentional disorders. OTs frequently reported using sensory-based principles to address the behavioral symptoms of children with ADHD. The most common form of service delivery was individualized sessions, followed by consultation. Potential gaps and implications at the research, practice and organizational levels are discussed to further support the role of OT with school-aged children with ADHD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".