Reductions in foliar Hemiptera in portions of a fescue grassland invaded by Smooth Brome (<i>Bromus inermis</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fescue grassland in Canadian prairie is characterized by Plains Rough Fescue (Festuca hallii), but the introduced exotic grass, Smooth Brome (Bromus inermis), is expanding therein. Hemiptera play an important role as herbivores in vegetation. In an invaded fescue grassland in Manitoba, 52 plant species had a combined average cover of 216%. Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis), another exotic grass, was most abundant at 64%, followed by B. inermis at 21% and the native grass F. hallii at 18%. Across 47 random sample points, B. inermis cover ranged from 0% to 180%. At these points, 2445 specimens of Hemiptera were collected by sweep net and divided into 99 morphologically distinct species. Bromus inermis cover had negative correlations with Hemiptera species richness and diversity, but not with abundance and biomass of Hemiptera. However, B. inermis cover was negatively correlated with abundance of two individual species of Hemipteran leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae: Doratura stylata and Diplocolenus configuratus. Total graminoid cover had no significant correlation with any of the above Hemiptera variables. We conclude that feeding requirements deter some phytophagous Hemiptera from entering sections of fescue grassland invaded by B. inermis. In this way, invasion by B. inermis can be expected to modify ecosystem function by increasing feeding pressure on neighbouring natural vegetation and other introduced species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".