Distinct Arabidopsis Responses to Two Generalist Caterpillar Species Differing in Host Breadth
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In general, caterpillar herbivores with a narrow host preference (specialists) have evolved mechanisms to circumvent specific plant defenses. In contrast, caterpillars with a broader host range (generalists) may manipulate phytohormone pathways common to many plant species to attenuate induced defenses. Many studies have compared plant responses to specialist versus generalist caterpillars. In contrast, this study evaluates the induced response of Arabidopsis thaliana to two generalist caterpillar species, the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, and the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. Although both caterpillars are considered generalists, S. exigua has a broader plant host range, whereas T. ni prefers Brassicaceous plants. Our study shows that most responses to caterpillar herbivory, such as the jasmonate burst, are similar in plants attacked by either insect species; however, we do observe dynamic and temporal differences in specific responses. Expression of AtZAT10, a 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid-responsive gene, is only induced in response to T. ni damage. In comparison, only S. exigua herbivory activates the salicylic acid/NPR1-dependent pathway, as observed by the expression of the marker gene AtPR1. Even though both species induce AtPDF1.2 expression, we found caterpillar-specific temporal differences: T. ni herbivory results in sustained expression over time, whereas gene expression is sharply downregulated at 36 h in S. exigua-attacked plants. Although damage by these two caterpillar species induced AtMYB28 and AtMYB34 expression, specific short- and long-chain aliphatic and indolic glucosinolates accumulate only in response to S. exigua herbivory. These species-specific, plant-induced responses likely reflect differences in effectors found in caterpillar oral secretions. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".